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Ward Connerly is the spokesperson for these initiatives, which are funded by private donors that include Rupert Murdoch and John Moores, Sr. Connerly is also a lobbyist for the construction industry. The courts have found that Connerly’s campaigns have employed deception and voter fraud to get the initiative onto the ballot.
More information on Ward Connerly, his backers, and his tactics:
The Big Money Behind Ward Connerly - Lee Cokorinos (Equal Justice Society)
Ward Connerly - Fraudbusters (Ballot Initiative Strategy Center)
Eastern District of Michigan Judicial Opinion - finding that systematic voter fraud was employed by Connerly's campaign
Ward Connerly: The Color of Money – Ballot Initiative Strategy Center
Black Businessman Fights Affirmative Action – MSNBC – October 5, 2008